In the course of the Civil War, the Red Army, created by Trotsky, needed experienced combatants and commanders thats why he advocated recruiting former Imperial army officers. Some might say he was a good. Any subject Min. Latest answer posted October 06, 2019 at 11:40:56 AM. "Stalin was the best master. As war clouds gathered over Europe in 1939, Stalin made a seemingly brilliant move, signing a nonaggression pact with Germany's Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. It made the country stupider by decapitating the party and decapitating the intelligentsia, and turning people into cogs, or little screws, as Stalin put it. The new position provided Stalin with a fair amount of power, as he was able to appoint his friends to government jobs, and develop a base of political support. Stalin's first act after becoming leader was to expel his rivals, including Trotsky in 1929. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Stalin is also considered one of the most dangerous totalitarian leaders in history, his violent excesses often compared to those of Adolf Hitler. Millions were killed in forced labor or starved during the ensuing famine. Its a fascinating and tragic story. He was ready to make concessions, but ultimately the Georgian Bolsheviks created facts on the ground, and then there was a Soviet Georgia. Others wanted this extraterritorial national cultural autonomy. But he did work there, and he got a lot of material, some of it brand new. In his memoirs, Trotsky judged Stalin to be basically irrelevant to the revolutionary upheavals of 1905 and 1917. Despite some of its achievements, it shouldnt be celebrated. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. On December 18, 1879, in the Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili - later known as Joseph Stalin - was born. B+E Manufacturing Company, Inc. Toggle Navigation. Thats not the case. Stalin suffered another foreign policy defeat after he encouraged North Korean Communist leader Kim Il Sung to invade South Korea, believing the United States would not interfere. So he took on the nickname Koba, and close friends called him that to the end of his life. Its a peasant-based society, it wasnt really amenable yet to a Marxist socialism. At a young age, his family was . Stalin's mother, a devout Russian Orthodox Christian, wanted him to become a priest. Ramon Mercader, aka Frank Jackson, Aug. 31, 1940. How does the saying "ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan" relate to history? In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Stalin reversed the Bolshevik agrarian policy by seizing land given earlier to the peasants and organizing collective farms. This post was originally published on this site. Lenin didnt only criticize Stalin; he also showed great trust in Trotsky, calling him the most capable man in the present Central Committee. Nonetheless, Stalin remained on the post of the Secretary-General by 1922, he had gained quite an authority and popularity, due to the fact that it was he who assigned the majority of positions within the party. He was good at coercing people. Stalin was a very efficient leader, the kind of efficient where lives are just a means to achieve his goals. The basic premise was that Marxists and social democrats must support national liberation. A year later, Stalin came in contact with Messame Dassy, a secret organization that supported Georgian independence from Russia. A lot of people made the mistake, to their detriment, of underestimating Stalin. Its true, of course, that he achieved many things: a forced, and quite crude, but successful industrial revolution, the literacy campaigns, the victory over fascism, the destruction of Nazism, the end of the Holocaust. This election is a test of Stalin's. But the reality is that he was not. Secondly, they were being challenged not only by social and class prejudices but by the ethnic prejudices promoted by the regime. By October, the revolution was complete and the Bolsheviks were in control. One of the closest associates of Lenin and the leader of the October Revolution was killed in Mexico by Soviet agent Ramon Mercader. His newest book is the long-awaited biography Stalin: Passage to Revolution, which chronicles the transformation of a sensitive Georgian boy named Iosib Soso Djugashvili into the man known to the world as Stalin. Was Hitler a gambler or a planner up to 1939? From 1929 to 1 953, Stalin was the leader of the . However, when Lenin died in 1924, Stalin succeeded him and took the reigns of power. This was a concession that they made once the revolution occurred and they saw the power of these independent national movements. MOSCOW More Russians consider Joseph Stalin the "most outstanding person" in world history than any other leader, according to a poll released Monday. Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin were an odd trio. Stalin also set in motion rapid industrialization that initially achieved huge successes, but over time cost millions of lives and vast damage to the environment. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. It was hard to even survive in that environment. Stalin and the few Georgian Bolsheviks who remained loyal to Lenin were left high and dry, generals without an army. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. Atop it, additional commentary mused: It's complicated. However, once in power he was not a good leader. Read about our approach to external linking. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany nicknamed Der Fhrer (German for The Leader). Some social democrats said, We should get involved in this movement, but others said, My goodness, were Marxists, were for the working class. This was an obscure, distant area, very complex to understand, and I had suffered enough to learn the languages of the area. cstepshs123. Stalin was opposed to the views of others like the Georgian Mensheviks, or the Jewish Bund, or the Austro-Marxists, who argued for something that you can call extraterritorial national cultural autonomy. This would mean that citizens of the state carry their ethnicity and nationality around with them wherever they live in the state. Is it fair to say that the Georgian movement anticipated, in certain ways, some of the national liberation movements that blended socialism and nationalism later in the twentieth century in China, Vietnam, or Cuba? Click here to find out more. The son of Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and . Latest answer posted January 15, 2021 at 11:09:50 AM. But since 2015, across all age groups, the proportion of those with favourable opinions on Stalin has risen steadily. Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Though he excelled in seminary school, Stalin left in 1899. Latest answer posted August 03, 2011 at 2:13:13 AM. He wasnt a flamboyant and eloquent orator like Trotsky. Absolutely right. Stalinism During World War II became the Party 's leader and absolute ruler of the Soviet Union. Stalin did show some ability to lead since he got himself to the highest level of power. A few years later he was injured in a carriage accident which left arm slightly deformed (some accounts state his arm trouble was a result of blood poisoning from the injury). Vladimir Lenin was a Bolshevik . Lenin said, No, nationalism is around, its part of the capitalist bourgeois stage of history, and we must recognize its power. Stalin was convinced of Hitler's integrity and ignored warnings from his military commanders that Germany was mobilizing armies on its eastern front. But that was not the position in this pamphlet, or in Lenins earlier work. But in the following decades the Soviet authorities covered up the true scale of Stalin's crimes. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. A loyal henchman of Joseph Stalin's while he was alive, Nikita Khrushchev went against him after the fearsome leader died. Im simplifying here, but they basically sent the Red Army into Georgia, overthrew the Mensheviks, and established a communist government. But the leaders of whats called the mesame dasi, the third generation of intellectuals who brought the message of Marxism to Georgia, became Mensheviks, and the Georgian movement came under the leadership of Menshevism in 1905. After Lenin's death, in 1924, Stalin set out to destroy the old party leadership and take total control. In general, lots of people think that there is something of a natural tendency to move from empire to nation. My parents spoke it, but not to me. On December 18, 1879, in the Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili - later known as Joseph Stalin - was born. What crisis occurred in Italy that allowed Mussolini to take power? Surprisingly, perhaps, it soon moved from being the ideology of this intellectual elite to the national liberation movement of Georgians. Those are the two things that led me to take on this topic. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. Stalin really seemed to imbibe the idea that social-democratic worker-intellectuals had a very important and special role to play in building the movement and bringing their message to the masses. Here are 10 facts about Joseph Stalin. That was good for me. And that war victory is a symbol of national pride for all Russians, even for those born in the post-Soviet period.". He wasnt a sophisticated and nuanced theorist like Lenin. Its the empowerment of ordinary people. Stalin gained infamy being associated with the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery, which resulted in several deaths and 250,000 rubles stolen (approximately $3.4 million in U.S. dollars). They traditionally were not in favor of national territorial autonomy for Georgia but rather regional self-government within a larger Russian multinational state. To make matters worse, the purges of the 1930s had depleted the Soviet Army and government leadership to the point where both were nearly dysfunctional. During the early 1930s, the Soviet economy failed. Stalin and Ordzhonikidze defeated those Georgian national Bolsheviks, and Georgia was integrated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, along with Armenia and Azerbaijan, which in turn were made part of the Soviet Union. Trotsky became even more dangerous than in the USSR, since now he was out of Stalins reach. 2013, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/do-you-think-stalin-was-good-leader-427444. Marxism and socialism are basically a democratic expansion of bourgeois liberal democracy. HOME; ABOUT; EQUIPMENT; SERVICES; CONTACT; was stalin a fair leader "Our leader lived up to . A California professor was widely hounded on Twitter for praising the legacy of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, calling him "one of the great leaders" of the 20th century. Hundreds of thousands of people came to see the Generalissimo in the mausoleum. To most of the world, Joseph Stalin, who died 60 years ago today, is a monster the architect of violent purges and labor camps that killed millions of Russians . It proved to be very successful, even though it took a long time, because you have that central figure you can follow through this very complex and shifting history from roughly his birth, in December 1878, to the revolution in 1917. Stalin is a bandit, a gangster, a womanizer, even a pedophile in the book. Best Known For: Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of death and terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism. Stalin was eventually denounced by his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, in 1956. Suny spoke with Jacobin contributing editor Chris Maisano about the making of Stalin, the pioneering contributions of Georgian social democracy, and how socialists today should view Stalins legacy. In 2008-2014 most respondents had a neutral attitude towards Stalin. Paradoxically, compared to Trotsky, Stalin looked like a much more clear-minded and rational politician. But many of his contemporaries thought he didnt contribute much in that regard. for example, when he remilitarised the rhineland or 'anschlussed' with Austria, do you think his What were Joseph Stalins dreams and ambitions? Compare and contrast Stalin's Soviet Union with Hitler's Germany. Then I went to Georgia. The death of Joseph Stalin leaves the Soviet Union without a leader. And, if Stalins collectivization was considered violent, Trotskys plans towards the village population, if they were exercised, would have been truly hellish. Stalin simply had massive powers of coercion and used those powers to force people to do things unwillingly. His long reign finally ended. New Stalin statues have gone up in various places. At the first of these meetings, in Tehran, Iran, in late 1943, the recent victory in Stalingrad put Stalin in a solid bargaining position. What did the Gilded Age reformers have in common with Jackson era reformers? On a hot day, Mercader came dressed in a raincoat, but that didnt alert anyone such a regular he was in the house. what channel is nbc on directv in arizona; farmacia ospedale perrino brindisi orari; stifle surgery horse cost; van gogh peach trees in blossom value They gave that village their own Jewish soviet, and their own right to have their own national representation in Ukraine. Or as Trotsky put it, a river of blood separated Lenin from Stalin. The Soviet Union became the first country in the world, at least the first major country in the world, which adopted a constitution based on national territorial autonomy for Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine, etc. The authority and influence of Trotsky were so massive that Stalin back then already contemplated how to get rid of this competitor. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. What role did Stalin actually play, not just in the Bolshevik faction but in the social-democratic movement as a whole? Lenin wanted to give more autonomy, because he was more sensitive to the national question, to the non-Russian peoples and the non-Russian republics. Chapter 3-4 review. After escaping from exile, he was marked by the Okhranka, (the tsar's secret police) as an outlaw and continued his work in hiding, raising money through robberies, kidnappings and extortion. Thats what made Stalin successful. But Stalinism was the nadir of the Soviet experiment. It's estimated that Stalin killed as many as 20 million people, directly or indirectly, through famine, forced labor camps, collectivization and executions. By the next year, the Soviet Army was liberating countries in Eastern Europe, even before the Allies had mounted a serious challenge against Hitler at D-Day. Im interested in his women. So I thought, Well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. At first, he had people removed from power through bureaucratic shuffling and denunciations. There are parts of the brain and the mind that are closed to historians, but we do the best we can. In 1922, Stalin was appointed to the newly created office of general secretary of the Communist Party. Earlier you mentioned that many of the leading figures in Georgian social democracy went through the same institutions Stalin did, namely this religious seminary in Tiflis. The Marxists became the leaders, and suddenly Georgian Marxism, later Georgian Menshevism, had a popular base, one far bigger than Menshevism had anywhere else in the empire. So Stalin moved very quickly toward this Leninist posture, which did have some support in Georgia at this time, 190204. Lenin had a 'great modesty', was a 'patient educator', and displayed a 'keen and solicitous concern . However, he has found a rekindled popularity among many of Russia's young people. We'll write it for you! Students also viewed. One of the things that really stands out in your book is how many of the key figures in the Russian Empires social-democratic movement came from Georgia. Stalin killed millions. Josef Stalin served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. This website uses cookies. Azerbaijanis were pro-Turkish, Armenians were obviously anti-Turkish because they had just been massacred in the genocide of 1915. Sixty-eight-year-old Stalin, who has waited in the wings for decades, is contesting as the chief ministerial candidate for the first time on April 6. But he had real skills. Hitler is famous for many quotes such as "Any alliance whose purpose is not the intention to wage war is senseless and useless." leader of the Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin, How Tsar Nicholas II and his family were murdered, Moscow through the eyes of cult photographer William Klein (PHOTOS), The punished nation: What life was like for Soviet Germans in the labor army during WWII. When it comes to use of the word "genocide," public opinion has been kinder to Stalin than Hitler. Already on our list? Libr. In his lifetime he was worshipped by. C. Lenin believed that Stalin would be a fair and honest leader, so he ensured Stalin's position before he died. Some scholars have argued that Stalin's record of killings amount to genocide and make him one of history's most ruthless mass murderers. Astrological Sign: Sagittarius, Church school (Gori, Georgia, Russian Empire), Death Year: 1953, Death date: March 5, 1953, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Joseph Stalin Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/joseph-stalin, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: September 4, 2019, Original Published Date: April 3, 2014. They were, like Stalin, poor and socially peripheral. Who was Stalin? Earlier, he had ordered the Soviet representative to the United Nations to boycott the Security Council because it refused to accept the newly formed Communist People's Republic of China into the United Nations. " [spurious].". To attempt to give a simple answer to this question is tempting but not really useful. Keith Wagstaff. So he was a worker-intellectual, and Lenin promoted him for that reason. One Russian newspaper carried the news with the headline: "Stalin the Superstar". Dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn chronicled the harsh regime in Stalin's Gulag camps, and was persecuted for it. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. He knew how to play those internal political games, and he had his own ideas. Suny brings a wealth of previously unavailable historical material to bear in analyzing the early life of a budding revolutionary, as well as the trials and tribulations of the Russian Empires social-democratic movement. Marxism is not a nationalist philosophy, its international and cosmopolitan, and step by step he gravitated toward the Russian social democratic movement, the movement the Georgian Marxists were propagating. Ronald Suny has devoted his life to studying the history of the Soviet Union and the countries of the South Caucasus. Stalin is seen as the main figure who defeated fascism, who gets the honours for victory in the Great Patriotic War. Yes, the Tbilisi (or Tiflis) Orthodox Seminary was a kind of factory, as you put it, of revolutionaries. Stalin chose not to return home, but stayed in Tiflis, devoting his time to the revolutionary movement. In 1948, Stalin ordered an economic blockade on the German city of Berlin, in hopes of gaining full control of the city. The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks - Vladimir Lenin. Lets say you have a Jewish village in Ukraine somewhere, and theres a majority of Jews there, and its fairly coherent. Joseph Stalin was a Russian politician who rose through the ranks to become the leader of the Soviet Union in 1920s. Im Armenian by heritage but born in the United States, so Armenian was not my native language. 8M Literature Animal Farm Exam Notes. Joseph Stalin, as he was previously known to me, is credited as the hero of the second World War, guilty of genocide, terrorism, and is recognized amongst the great statesmen of the 20th century. In 1961, just eight years later, the Soviet government ordered Stalin's remains removed from the tomb. So I learned that in graduate school. Among many of Russia 's young people straight to your inbox hundreds of thousands of was stalin a fair leader?! Of gaining full control of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) 1929. Looked like a much more clear-minded and rational politician in 1922, set... Bolsheviks were in control Georgia but rather regional self-government within a larger Russian multinational state on the Koba! Play, not just in the Bolshevik faction but in the post-Soviet period... 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